![]() ![]() Throughout the movie, different scenes are shown in which the laughter appears in situations with an important emotional impact, totally opposite to the feeling of joy or happiness. ![]() ![]() In that scene, we can notice he is obviously distressed by the physical aggression he had experienced. This scene is followed by the first episode of pathological laughter, which takes place when he meets his social worker and tells her “Is it just me, or is it getting crazier out there?” (movie time points 00:03:53 - 00:05:05). For example, in the first scene of the film, we see how Arthur Fleck, dressed as a clown, is beaten up by a gang of youths. Moreover, there is a clear division between the protagonist’s expressed emotion and his feelings, which is evident when the character is distressed, ashamed, or sad while laughing uncontrollably. It can happen in people with brain injury or certain neurological conditions. It’s a medical condition causing sudden frequent and uncontrollable laughter that doesn’t match how you feel. He even carries a card with the legend “Forgive my laughter: I have a condition. Immediately, Arthur begins to laugh uncontrollably while he tries to cover his mouth and makes gestures to explain that it is not his intention but that he cannot avoid it. For example, in the scene where Arthur Fleck is trying to make a child laugh on the bus, the child’s mother reproaches him. Numerous other accommodation solutions may exist.In the film, laughing episodes are excessive and inappropriate in relation to the context in which they occur. The following is only a sample of the possibilities available. Be aware that not all people with cataplexy will need accommodations to perform their jobs and many others may only need a few accommodations. Also, the degree of limitation will vary among individuals. People with cataplexy may develop some of the limitations discussed below, but seldom develop all of them. For more information about how to determine whether a person has a disability under the ADA, see How to Determine Whether a Person Has a Disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act (ADAAA). Instead, the ADA defines a person with a disability as someone who (1) has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more "major life activities," (2) has a record of such an impairment, or (3) is regarded as having such an impairment. The ADA does not contain a definitive list of medical conditions that constitute disabilities. Cataplexy and the Americans with Disabilities Act Some of the most common limitations stemming from a cataplectic attack are weakened speech, vision issues, trouble balancing, upper extremity weakness, and/or collapsing. While a cataplectic attack is usually very short in duration and leaves no residual effects, there may be symptoms that would require workplace accommodations. Other symptoms may include balance issues, upper extremity weakness, and/or collapsing. Some people with narcolepsy can have cataplectic attacks almost daily, while there are some people with narcolepsy that have never experienced cataplexy.ĭuring a cataplectic attack the person will remain conscious however, the person may experience jaw dropping, which can cause speech limitations, or eyelids drooping, which can interfere with vision. These episodes tend to have few, if any, residual effects. Most episodes are short in duration, lasting a few seconds up to five minutes. Cataplexy by itself is considered a rare disease. Cataplexy is the sudden loss of voluntary muscle tone or temporary paralysis that is often triggered by extreme emotion, such as laughter or fear. ![]()
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